The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Satire

Imprint twain is perhaps the best essayist to utilize parody in his books. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the creator places in a ton of furious and muddled parody. In this paper I will disclose to you some muddled parodies and furious parody that the creator employments. I will likewise mention to you what I think it implies. â€Å"Oh yes this is a superb government, great why looky here, there was a free nigger there from Ohio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ( The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Pg. 32). Pap said this privilege after he saw a free African American strolling by. Pap likewise says â€Å"He had the whitest shirt on you ever observe, as well, and the shinest cap; and there ain’t a man in that town that’s got as fine garments as what he had†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 32). He says this after he visited Huck. So what is Mark Twain attempting to let us know here? I think he is attempting to disclose to us that the individuals hate to see a slave strolling openly, with better garments then they have. The white individuals hate to see a person of color carrying on with a superior life then the white individuals. He is likewise deriding on how the northern states have prohibited subjugation, and how the southern states couldn’t take care of business. This is irate parody since mark twain resents the individuals and the individuals and the legislature. Tom and Huck found the cash that the looters covered up in the cavern, and the two of them got 6 thousand dollars each from it. Huck around then lived with the widow however he didn’t like it so he fled. The creator expressed â€Å"But tom sawyer, he chased me up and said he was going to begin a band of burglars, and I may join in the event that I would return to the widow and be respectable†(pg. 3). I imagine that Mark Twain is stating that when we were kids we were senseless. The creator says â€Å"Now says Ben Rogers, what’s the line of business of this group? Nothing just burglary and murder, Tom said†(pg. 11). Imprint Twain is attempting to reveal to us that when we were kids we were inept and had a major creative mind. This is a dazed kind of parody since it is interesting how the children acted. So far I have revealed to you a portion of the author’s dazed and irate parodies. I have additionally mentioned to you what I think these Quotes mean. Since you have seen them, the creator utilized significantly progressively great ones in the novel. Presently it is your chance to attempt to discover parody cites in the novel.

Effect of Creatine Supplementation

Impact of Creatine Supplementation Unique Presentation The utilization of creatine supplements as a guide to upgrade execution in sports shot to noticeable quality after it was uncovered that the British Olympic group had utilized said nourishing enhancements in the development to the Barcelona rounds of 1992. The Times (7 August 1992) announced that prominent competitors, for example, Linford Christie and Sally Gunnell had won gold awards while utilizing creatine during their arrangement. Albeit once in a while saw as disputable by areas of the wearing network, creatine as a wholesome enhancement is totally legitimate and its utilization is energized by certain donning foundations. A case of this issue is inside the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), whereby the appropriation of creatine by group mentors is restricted however singular competitors are still permitted to secure the enhancement themselves, in spite of the fact that the Athletic Management diary, among others, hypothesizes this was done so as to even the odds instead of because of a symptom revelation (NCAA braces down on supplements, 2000: 12.5). Creatine is a normally happening substance discovered for the most part in meat and fish {{2 Herda,T.J. 2009; }} that was first confined in skeletal muscle by Michel-Eugã ¨ne Chevreul in 1832 and given its name from the inference of the Greek word for tissue, Kreas. After twelve years, the German researcher Justus von Liebig guessed that this compound was important to deliver strong activity in vertebrates in the wake of watching foxes in the wild and contrasting their creatine levels with those in bondage. He even ventured to collect his own flexibly of creatine from the foxes and advertised it as Fleisch Extrakt, announcing that it would permit the body to accomplish more work and for longer than a century this was the main creatine supplement delivered. It has been built up by mainstream researchers that expanded ingestion of creatine as a dietary enhancement will prompt an expansion in the complete creatine (TC) and phosphocreatine (PC) fixations in skeletal muscle {{10 Finn,J.P. 2001;11 Harris,R.C. 1992; 14 Greenhaff,P.L. 1994; }}. PC is essentially the phosphorylated type of creatine that is found principally in skeletal muscle which is used during high-intesity exercise to rapidly supplant the decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores {{2 Herda,T.J. 2009; }}. This is accomplished through the activities of the compound creatine phosphokinase (CPK) which is found in high fixations in muscles, taking into account quick renewal of ATP regardless of the rising degrees of intracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that happens during exercise {{2 Herda,T.J. 2009; }}. Thus expanding the bodies creatine stores should bring about an improved capacity to recover the skeletal muscle filaments ATP stores and subsequently lead to improved execution and postponed beginning of exhaustion during episodes of high-force work out (Hargreaves, M. 2006). The point of this paper is to survey the current writing in regards to creatines guessed useful impact on muscle execution and figure out what is the ideal strategy for conveying the enhancement to the skeletal muscle. Since creatine got in vogue in the mid 1990s, various games supplement organizations have been exploring how it can best be regulated into the body, with respect to portion size, timing and the various types of creatine now accessible. Different variables should be viewed as, for example, likely reactions and certain populace bunches who might be in danger when utilizing creatine. The general agreement is that it accomplishes fill in as an ergogenic help; characterized by Leuthholtz and Kreider (2001) as a strategy or practice that serves to expand execution limit, the productivity to perform work, the capacity to recoup from work out, and additionally the nature of preparing consequently advancing more noteworthy preparing adjustments. Another point of this paper is t o look at the instruments behind creatines gainful impacts and where these upgrades occur for example explicit muscle fiber types. It is likewise critical to consider what is implied by progress; does it mean execution in explicit activities or just in muscle advancement when all is said in done? Are there specific games where the upgrades are stamped and effectively perceptible? The two proteins required for once more (endogenous) combination of creatine in people, transamidinase and methyltransferase, are found in the kidneys, pancreas and liver {{18 Balsom,P.D. 1994; }}. In this way creatine should be moved by means of the circulatory system to the muscles where it is required and it has been discovered that the typical scope of creatine fixation inside plasma is somewhere in the range of 50 and 100 Â µmol/L {{18 Balsom,P.D. 1994; }}. To decide the aggregate sum of creatine in the body, the degrees of both the free structure (FC) and phosporylated structures should be consolidated. The current day examination is that for a man of 70kg, his TC will add up to roughly 120g, with a turnover (of creatine to creatinine, the separate result of creatine phosphate in muscle) assessed at 1.6% every day {{19 HOBERMAN,H.D. 1948; }}. This compares to about 2g in a normal male, which is supplanted by both endogenous and exogenous sources, the last coming for the most p art from meat and fish as referenced before, with herring being an especially genuine model {{18 Balsom,P.D. 1994; }}. In 1986, Hoogwerf et al determined that the normal creatine consumption in a blended eating routine was 1g every day so the rest of the gram must be made up by endogenous combination, while those people whose diet needs creatine totally because of inadequate creature produce admission, for example, veggie lovers or vegetarians, should make up their day by day consumption altogether through endogenous methods {{21 Delanghe,J. 1989; }}. As far as dispersion, skeletal muscle is home to 95% of the TC found in the body, 66% of which is in the phosphorylated structure {{18 Balsom,P.D. 1994; }}. The rest of the 5% is found for the most part in the mind, heart and testicles. Maturing seems to have no impact on the aggregate sum of TC found inside skeletal muscles, however levels of PC were seen as lower in undeveloped old people contrasted with their more youthful partners, while FC was found in higher fixations in the old associate {{22 Moller,P. 1982; }}. An ensuing preparing concentrate by Moller and colleagues uncovered that once the old people had embraced some fundamental exercise, their FC and PC levels all the more firmly looked like those of the more youthful gathering. This focuses to an end that idleness will bring about the dephosphorylation of creatine, a procedure that can undoubtedly be turned around by an arrival to preparing. A recent report by Tesch et al demonstrated that type II muscle strands have higher groupings of PC than their sort I partners, during resting state. These discoveries are not out of the ordinary since the anaerobic sort II strands use PC as their significant stockpiling fuel with the goal that ATP can be produced rapidly, instead of the sort I moderate jerk filaments that essentially use triglycerides as their fundamental wellspring of fuel. Before investigating creatines proposed impacts on muscle execution and improvement, it is essential to consider how its ingestion really impacts the bodies stores. In 1992 Harris et al demonstrated that ingesting 5g of creatine monohydrate brought about the height of the degree of creatine in plasma, after one hour, from 50-100 Â µmol/L to more than 500 Â µmol/L. Lamentably the main examination led that has revealed the instrument behind creatines transport from circulation system into muscle was done in rodents {{27 Fitch,C.D. 1966; }}. It was discovered that the intracellular catching of creatine and a saturable procedure took into consideration transport of the compound from the circulation system across to the muscle and clarified the high creatine substance of the skeletal muscle. Maybe shockingly, this is as yet the most we think about this specific instrument after more than 40 years and is certainly a territory that is prime for future examination. Creatine monohydrate versus creatine ethyl ester While creatine monohydrates (CM) use is boundless, creatine ethyl ester (CEE) is less notable in the open area. Producers of the last case it is all the more promptly assimilated into the body due to being progressively lipophilic and in this way having a more extended half-life once ingested. It is changed over go into creatine once processed as it is an ethyl ester subordinate of creatine, explicitly created by the University of Nebraska Medical Centers innovation move element, UNeMed. The cases of the different makers of this particular sort of creatine were contested by an investigation by Child and Tallon that was introduced at the International Society of Sports Nutrition fourth yearly gathering. They had discovered that CEE was immediately separated into creatinine due to some extent to the diminished corrosive strength brought about by the expansion of the ethyl gathering (Child Tallon 2007). The proposed advantageous advantages of the two assortments will be talked about lon g later on. Impact on weight In 1975, Ingwall et al speculated that creatine could animate both heart and skeletal muscle into a condition of hypertrophy by myofibrillar protein combination. In vitro and in vivo skeletal muscle had expanded blend of the contractile proteins actin and myosin just as the muscle explicit iso-compound creatine phosphokinase, which were all because of creatines selectivity. With the expanded gathering of these myofibrillar proteins, skeletal muscle went into a condition of hypertrophy. This examination is considered as the underlying historic investigation into the strategies behind creatines impact and a great deal of the resulting papers referenced in this piece reference it widely. Ingwall followed this underlying examination up a year later {{16 Ingwall,J.S. 1976; }} with a paper on creatines impact as a potential concoction signal that connections expanded strong movement with expanded contractile mass. A significant factor to note is that this paper isn't alluding to creatine as a dietary enhancement, as its

Assignment – Job Fair Brochure Paper

The board consistently urges our representatives to buckle down, be innovative, be mindful, positive, be conscious of different workers and the board, and to consistently be cooperative individuals. These attributes never go unnoticed or unrewarded, Employees are assessed at regular intervals and given suitable rewards for going well beyond the Mullen In a yearly premise. Furthermore, our workers appreciate fourteen days of excursion pay, a representative stock buy program, 401 k with organization coordinate, and amazing wellbeing and dental insurance.The supervisory crew at â€Å"X† consistently keeps the entryway open for workers to share new thoughts, concerns or issues with them. These gatherings consistently stay private with the goal that workers realize they are in acceptable hands. Structure: Our organization is partitioned Into deferent divisions or capacities in which there is a lead or supervisor accountable for each capacity that reports to the Site Manager, propri etor and the author of â€Å"X†, Mr.. BBC. To start with, there are fabricating administrators who are responsible for assembling each piece before It Is sent to the customer.These administrators cooperate from beginning to end, each with explicit obligations that must be accomplished before their work is given to the following individual. The QUA manager reviews each completed piece to be certain it is right and afterward they close down once it is endorsed. At that point the completed pieces are either conveyed legitimately to the clients' by means of ground transportation or air contingent upon their area, or taken to the capacity zone where it is put away to keep up the stock with safe amounts to satisfy client's demand.On the business division, deals work force are accountable for taking care of client's messages or alls and help them to set up their custom requests. The salesmen are responsible for consumer loyalty, deals, get ready custom requests, and giving custom re quests to the fashioners to set up the molds for them. The project supervisor manages these capacities intently. Directors from all territories get together day by day to answer to each other and to be certain work Is being done In the most productive way. All supervisors are required to keep the site administrator Informed of any Issue and they report to him nearly daily.Business Model: In request for the organization to continue and produce income, â€Å"X† puts stock in making great reused paper items that our clients need and we make each endeavor to keep our costs serious. We offer specially crafted items for our clients to guarantee they are getting precisely what they need; ensured. We endeavor to keep the cost of all provisions the organization purchases low, by haggling with similar providers we have worked with since the very beginning. Our providers are just twenty miles from our stockroom along these lines; we don't follow through on significant expenses for trans portation and handling.We never bargain on item quality, and our clients know about it. Our publicizing is finished by our showcasing division yet for the most part for our universal clients. Locally, verbal exchange by our fulfilled clients is the essential method of showcasing, so this spares our organization on promoting each year. Representatives are skillful and all around prepared and they cooperate in making these items and are trusted to be capable and effective consistently. They are urged to share new thoughts that may expand deals and friends gainfulness and are compensated accordingly.Our workers have fulfilling and remunerating vocations in this manner; our representative pivot rate stays low. In what manner will these decisions sway my business? Here at â€Å"X† we accept that a solid, sound, very close team is the way in to the organization achievement. Each capacity has solid correspondence among and between them, hence; there are barely any irregular issues o f miscommunication. We accept that our clients are the way to stay with us alive as an and to our prosperity in this way, we bend over backward to keep them fulfilled.

Why the Vegetarian Diet is Best Essay Example For Students

Why the Vegetarian Diet is Best Essay The vegan diet is turning out to be progressively well known constantly. Is the veggie lover or meat diet better? A decade back and prior, the impression was that a veggie lover diet was inadequate in the supplements found in meat items. Today however, through research and wholesome science, it has been demonstrated that all the supplements found in meat can likewise be found in the right veggie lover diet. Some may contend that by just devouring meat that is low in fat, meat and vegan slims down have indistinguishable benefits. This is genuine just on the off chance that one eats truth be told, exceptionally low fat meat. The absence of meat isn't really the fundamental advantage of to the veggie lover. Vegans will in general eat more organic products, vegetables and grains that the meat eater. They too tend not to utilize tobacco and over the top liquor. Moreover, veggie lovers will in general get more exercise. The term vegan can be deceiving. This eating routine can take on various varieties. A fruitarian eats as it were natural products, seeds and nuts while the veggie lover eats these and vegetables, grains and vegetables. A lacto veggie lover devours equivalent to a veggie lover just as dairy items. A lacto-ovo veggie lover trails the lacto vegan yet in addition incorporates eggs while the ovo veggie lover prohibits dairy items. At long last, the fractional veggie lover eats anything aside from red meat, or possibly carefully confines it. Since the term veggie lover is utilized to cover all features and varieties, it is hard to distinguish medical advantages coming about because of the veggie lover diet including the entirety of the abovementioned. Most meat eaters don't understand that there are such huge numbers of varieties to the veggie lover diet, which makes exact concentrates much increasingly troublesome. Overall however, veggie lovers will in general have less muscle versus fat than nonvegetarians. This is probably because of the low fat and high sugar substance of their eating regimen. Vegans generally have lower circulatory strain than meat eaters due to way of life and diet. Different factors most likely incorporate exercise and protection from smoking and liquor consumption. Coronary conduit infection is straightforwardly identified with soaked fat admission. In contemplates testing cholesterol levels, veggie lovers beat out all others including those that lone ate lean meats. Milk, nonetheless, brings down blood cholesterol, as does soy. Another advantage is the absence of stomach related clutters among vegans. It is conceivable this is straightforwardly identified with the high fiber content expended. The last primary advantage of the veggie lover diet is its relationship to disease rate decrease, particularly colon malignant growth. Individuals who create colon malignant growth will in general eat more meat, less fiber, and more soaked fat than those without colon malignant growth. This is a similar case with lymphatic malignancy. The main bit of leeway a meat eater may have over a veggie lover would be during pregnancy and adolescence. Studies have demonstrated that kids develop best when they eat meat items. Moreover, veggie lover ladies may enter pregnancy excessively thin and be inadequate in stores of supplements. Clearly, there are preferences and downsides to the two weight control plans anyway I feel the veggie lover consumes less calories favorable circumstances significantly exceed its inadequacies. Regardless of whether a meat eater or veggie lover, the two weight control plans can add to great wellbeing with legitimate arranging. .

The Behaviour of Employees in an Organization

Question: Compose article on The Behavior of Employees in an Organization. Answer: Presentation In the contemporary situation, organizations are progressively concentrating towards upgrading consumer loyalty and improving the degree of benefit. Explicitly referencing, so as to achieve such targets, associations have coordinated their consideration towards cultivating the improvement of representatives with the end goal that they are equipped for achieving their own just as expert objectives. In such manner, it merits referencing that an evaluation of the people dependent on their conduct with respect to working environment setting is known as authoritative conduct (Schein, 2006). As it were, hierarchical conduct can be viewed as the investigation of people just as gathering elements in relationship with the authoritative setting. Correspondingly, it must be noticed a comprehension of the hierarchical conduct is fundamental towards authoritative accomplishment since individuals having a place with various social foundations are ascribed with having changed social qualities who c ooperate in a compelling way (Robbins Judge, 2003). Henceforth, by mulling over the instance of PC Solutions, this examination targets featuring the issues that are common in the association and make certain suggestions that can be essential for defeating such issues. Additionally, the investigation would accentuate on featuring the different parts of authoritative culture, its qualities and shortcomings and would additionally clarify the parts of culture that require change. Outlining models from the case situation, this exposition would additionally feature a few authoritative conduct hypotheses that can be successfully actualized in the association. At last, before coming to an end result, the paper would show a comprehension of the influential positions that must be required to oversee conduct of representatives and guarantee that they can coordinate their thought processes towards achievement of hierarchical objectives. Distinguishing proof of Organizational Issues and Recommendations With respect to the instance of PC Solutions, it tends to be obviously noticed that regardless of an expansion in the development of the association, there has been a noteworthy decrease corresponding to level of worker just as consumer loyalty. In this, it must be noticed that various reasons can be featured as for the issue looked by the organization. One of the most significant difficulties that can be noted regarding overseeing hierarchical conduct is the administrative change (Mills, et.al., 2006). It very well may be obviously noted from the case situation that there are four office chiefs dealing with shifted departmental duties and working with a different workforce with changed hierarchical occupation jobs. In such manner, it merits referencing that workforce decent variety can be viewed as one of the issues that is looked by the association towards dealing with its representatives (Hersey Blanchard, 1993). As representatives working in the association have a place with differed sexual orientation, ethnicity and race, they become heterogeneous in nature. In this, it must be noticed that it is the prime obligation of the chiefs to guarantee that the decent variety existing among the representatives is regarded and legitimate preparing is being given to them towards guaranteeing that they can regard the distinctions and center towards higher profitability. Also, it must be noticed that overseeing work environment assorted variety in a suitable way would assume a key job in upgrading the exhibition of the representatives and guarantee that there is an improvement in the dynamic procedures alongside improvement in group execution (Marques, et.al., 2016). Moreover, authoritative conduct can be fortified through overseeing working environment decent variety that would additionally empower giving better client benefits and beat difficulties related with useless clash, group elements and corres pondence. An expansion in the degree of inventiveness and development can be considered up 'til now another huge advantage fundamental administration of working environment decent variety (Griffin Moorhead, 2011). Another significant issue confronting the association is the adjustment in desires for the workers. Thus, it must be noticed that change is considered as an unavoidable piece of human lives, which substantially affects the nature of lives of individuals. With an adjustment in work power elements, it is noticed that there is a huge change in the desires for the representatives. Thus, there is a requirement for the chiefs to offer money related just as non-budgetary advantages to the representatives towards improving development and profitability by propelling workers to play out their activity jobs adequately (Kinicki, 2004). A portion of the rousing elements that can be thought about are the elements, for example, employer stability, rewards, alluring pay rates and representative strengthening that assume a basic job in reinforcing hierarchical culture. This would additionally require utilizing equitable type of initiative abilities by the supervisors that would guarantee the consoli dation of the considerable number of workers in the dynamic procedure of the association (Brief Weiss, 2002). Guaranteeing an improvement in the degree of efficiency and quality can be viewed up 'til now another noteworthy issue that is looked by the chiefs in the serious advanced situation. In such manner, there is a need to underscore on the way that overseeing quality and profitability of representatives can be made conceivable with the assistance of executing strategies, for example, Total Quality Management (TQM) that would assume a significant job in guaranteeing that consumer loyalty is accomplished because of progress in hierarchical procedures. Consideration of the workers in the dynamic procedure can additionally assume a significant job in upgrading the degree of authoritative profitability and quality alongside advancement of hierarchical culture. A significant issue fundamental hierarchical conduct that can be noted from the case is the administration of innovation and developments (Adler Gundersen, 2007). In this, it must be noticed that absence of trustworthiness among the off ices can negatively affect overseeing mechanical changes and execution of inventive thoughts. It has been noticed that workers related with the association oppose change attributable to the way that they can't work such new strategies. Subsequently, so as to improve the authoritative conduct, it is the prime duty of the director to concentrate on giving the required relating to the representatives separated from keeping up a base degree of adaptability in the work environment. On a comparative note, animating worker inventiveness, boosting their resolve and making them open minded towards change can be effective in organizing authoritative conduct (Pinder, 2014). Notwithstanding the previously mentioned issues, another critical issue that can be featured according to the expressed case can be credited with the ethic conduct among the representatives. Directing the business in a moral way and regarding the various needs of the individuals towards taking part in social obligation assumes a key job towards reinforcing hierarchical conduct. The issue fundamental portion of obligations can be considered so far another difficult that is looked by the association. As can be noted from the case situation, the supervisor of client support division has selected the group chiefs for dealing with assorted employment jobs; nonetheless, she has allotted needs and deals with the arrangement relating to help administrations for all clients. This makes a negative effect on the representatives who face challenge of absence of acknowledgment and inspiration, which further makes impediment during the time spent organizing authoritative conduct. Furnishing the re presentatives with work sufficient duty and responsibility can assume a significant job towards guaranteeing that the association can make positive hierarchical conduct. Stress can be considered as another significant issue that can be featured comparable to the case which proposes that the representatives face difficulties related with expanded measure of pressure and outstanding task at hand, which fundamentally diminishes their degree of fulfillment. Correspondingly, significant level of misconception and prejudice against different societies is considered up 'til now another significant issue confronting the association. In this, it must be noticed that there is a need to change the current hierarchical culture by concentrating on giving inspiration and lower useless feelings of anxiety existing among the representatives towards guaranteeing that they a ready to make an equalization in their own and expert lives. Explicitly referencing, sorting out exercise projects and instruct ional courses in regards to authoritative conduct can additionally assume a significant job in reinforcing hierarchical culture (Bowditch, et.al., 2007). Worker issue can be considered as one of the most noteworthy difficulties that are looked by the association. Overseeing workers in considered as holding most extreme essentialness and requires significant measure of consideration on part of the administration. As can be noted from the case, representatives related with the organization face challenge basic absence of fulfillment, which can be ascribed with character clashes and administrative issues. This further outcome being developed of correspondence holes among the representatives and the administration, in this manner debilitating the association culture. What's more, group issues can be viewed as another critical issue that the association faces as for overseeing representatives working in groups. For example, the case mirrors the circumstance of client administrations office, wherein, representatives are working in gathering. So as to guarantee most elevated level of fulfillment, the expectation of the representatives must b e coordinated towards working upon a lot of explicit objectives. Individual separate and lac

10 reasons you shouldnt attend SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

10 reasons you shouldnt attend SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Are you on the fence about joining SIPA in the fall? This list should make it easier for you to decide. 1. THE CAMPUS IS A REAL EYESORE Seriously. Dont even bother taking a campus tour. The grass is lush and beautiful for half of the year, then its blanketed in the fluffiest white snow you only thought you could find in your Winter Wonderland dreams. 2. THE CLASSES ARE SMALL Its graduate school. How are you ever going to learn anything if youre in a classroom with just a dozen other students? Better yet, how can you take a nap in the back of the room without getting noticed? Sadly, you cant do that at SIPA. THIS is what your average classroom looks like. 3. THE CLASSES ARE ALSO B O R I N G In addition to being stuck in a classroom with less students, youre also not going to enjoy any of the classes you take next year. For example, the United Nations Studies specialization offers A Day at the United Nations: A View from the Inside. Students spend at least two days accompanying UN staffers to work at headquarters. Then our Seeples and their UN hosts (pictured above) share what the experience was like in a panel presentation at SIPA. Last year, speakers included Claudia Banz (third from right), a senior political affairs officer at United Nations, Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Jo Scheuer (second from left), the Director of Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction with the UNDP. What a snooze fest. 4. THERES NEVER ANYTHING TO DO IN THIS PLACE This is what the average hallway looks like at SIPA. Its plastered in flyers for social receptions, student organization meetings, and random events on and off campus. Among the 42 SIPA student groups, they host 12-15 events each week. With so many choices, its no wonder students cant make time to attend the events and are left with nothing to do except explore the Big Apple. 5. AND THEY KEEP YOU TRAPPED ON THE GROUNDS At SIPA, on the grounds can mean anything from taking a class in a Columbia University classroom to being forced onto a plane halfway around the world just to help bring an end to extreme poverty. Thats what Molly Powers, MPA-DP 2012, had to do as part of her Summer Field Placement when she interned with the Millennium Villages Project. Its obvious by the photo she didnt volunteer for the gig. 6. THE PROFESSORS ARE MEH SIPA has more than 70 full-time faculty members and 200 adjunct faculty, professional practitioners and visiting scholars on staff. With so many experts to learn from, youre hard pressed to find anyone whos notable among the bunch. (Remember the saying about quality vs quantity?) David Dinkins is the former mayor of the City of New York; Claudia Dreifus writes Conversation with in the  New York Times’Tuesday science section; Paola Valenti consulted with World Banks Human Development Network and Social Protection Group; and Jason Bordoff joined SIPA after serving as the Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Energy and Climate Change on the Staff of the National Security Council for four years. Sorry, but thats not an all-star lineup. 7. YOULL NEVER MAKE ANY FRIENDS Last month, these three spent their Spring Break in Peru as part of their second-year capstone project. Theres nothing more awkward than spending time with other Seeples in a foreign country and then asking them to  pose with  you and  pretend like youre all actually having a good timewhile jumping near the ledge of a cliff.  Youre bound to fear for your safety, thinking that at any moment one of these two will push you  over the edgeliterally. With thoughts like those racing through your mind, can you ever really become friends? (Note: At the request of a student, a previous entry  featuring students at the Dead Sea  has been removed.) 8. YOU WONT FIND A *STELLAR* JOB AFTER GRADUATE SCHOOL Last year, our graduating Seeples worked in the private, public and nonprofit sectors. But they were working for some less-than desirable organizations. Brookings Institution, Clinton Foundation, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Kofi Annan Foundation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PricewaterhouseCoopers and the United Nations Development Program were just a few of the terrible places our graduates ended up. Clearly, all of your hard work and the SIPA brand dont get you anywhere these days. 9. THERES NOTHING WORSE THAN A SEA OF COLUMBIA BLUE There are shades of blue everywhere you turn on campus. From Admitted Students Day and  orientation week to sporting events and  graduation. Blue, blue, blue, blue, blue. What kind of school has this much pride for a cool color palette? 10. SORRY, BUT ITS JUST NOT WORTH IT LISTING ANOTHER REASON I  warned you there were reasons you shouldnt attend SIPA this fall. But dont take my  word for it.  Confirm your enrollment today so you can see things for yourself.

Marxist Criticism theory and Novel The Trial by Franz Fafka - 1100 Words

Marxist Criticism theory and Novel The Trial by Franz Fafka (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourse DateLiterary Fiction EssayScholars believe the Marxist criticism to be a term that describes the literary denunciation that derives its arguments from socialist and conflict theories (Zinik, 46). In simple terms, this form of criticism looks at literary artistry as being mere reflections of the strengths and weaknesses of institutions in society (Heath, 891). In addition, the theory views works of literature as a separate entity in terms of the various societal institutes (Heath, 892). More importantly, the theory also looks at literary presentations through the eyes of philosophical function determined by the authors background and ideology (Winter, 225). It is also important to grasp Marxism criticism as an attempt to fully explain literature works by paying careful attention to the forms, styles, and symbols used in different works (Winter, 226). However, research indicates that top fully understand the workings of the Marxist theory it is vital to use a sample of literary works. Through the lens of Marxist criticism, this paper intends to use the novel 'the trial' by franz kafka to illustrate the theorys perspectives concerning society, political, and social institutions as derivable from literature. Class and power struggle According to the Marxist criticism theory, it is possible to look at works of literature and learn the class struggles painted by the author through out the various stories in the same work (Winter, 227). A closer look at the incidences in the trial shows the arrest of Josef K. who after is arrested is released after interrogation and goes on with his business (Kafka, 8). Later at the courtroom, he has the audacity to argue and react as he wishes even with the magistrates warning and eventually walks out of the room (Zinik, 46). This is seemingly a struggle of powerful people in the society because under normal circumstances Josef K. would have been arrested and thrown into prison. In addition to this , it seems that he was a so powerful man that the court did not even dare to summon him after he left unceremoniously (Winter, 228). This is a real picture of class struggles that can only be seen through the eyes of the Marxist criticism theory owing to its ability to unearth social interactions in literary work (Heath, 894).Literature as reflections of historyThe proponents the Marxist criticism view hold that the theory is capable of analysing each work of literature to determine the social conditions within which such materials are constructed (Winter, 229). This usually involves delving deeper into understanding the setting within which collective characters in stories interact (Zinik, 48). A look at the trial shows one conspicuous setting within which the characters interact- the courtroom. This is where Josef K. appears for trial and is the same setting within which he gets to interact with court usher, Leni, and Huld (Kafka, 17). This particular setting shows that the novel was written during times when the institutions of law were fully established although lacking in effectiveness. In addition to this, analysis of the work of literature through the eyes of the Marxist criticism theory indicates that at the time in history when this work was written there was intensity of politics, moral degradation, and corruption (Heath, 895). This explains why the washer woman seduces Josef K., it explains why the court had surrendered its authority to the hands of political giants, and also served to explain why the magistrate harboured pornographic novels (Kafka, 20). These aspects of social life can only be seen through the eyes of the Marxist criticism (Zinik, 48). Material life and societySupporters of the Marxist criticism theory suggest that the theory has the ability to analyse works of literature and thereby reveal the underlying influence of materialism levels on intellectual, social, and political life processes (Zinik, 50). This kind of analysis is of ten performed via the careful consideration of the environments of interaction, characters, and their professions (Zinik, 51). It is easy to use the eyes of the theory and discover these aspects in the trial. Firstly, the key characters in this novel are mostly professionals like the guards, Josef K., court officials, magistrates, and even Huld the lawyer (Kafka, 31). This indicates that their levels of material acquisitions determine their social interactions in that the plot is built around these professionals. Through the eyes of Marxist criticism, we find that Josef K. is so powerful and wealthy that he finds his way into seating with magistrates and lawyers and the court is even afraid of dealing with him (Winter, 229). More importantly, the theory is also able to reveal that the intellectual interactions in the novel were dermined by the levels of material acquisition just like the nurse could afford the company of lawyers and magistrates simply because her profession associat ed her with the acquisition of material wealth (Heath, 898). It is thus clear that the Marxist criticism theory provides a platform upon which to analyse works of art and decipher nuggets of social interactions in relation to material wealth (Heath, 899). The author and charactersAs stated in the Marxist criticism theory, using the theory as a lens of investigating works of literature can provide researchers with the ability to determine the social situation of the author and its influence on the type of characters he/she chooses to develop (Winter, 230). More importantly, the same perspective can help uncover the authors political ideas (Heath, 902). For example, looking carefully at the selection of the character Josef K. can be helpful in understanding the authors social and political backgrounds as well as economic position (Heath, 900). Since Josef K. appears to be a powerful man in the society, it is thus logical to deduce that the author had not yet achieved this status but.. .

Relationship Between Disorganized Attachment And The Early...

Madigan, S., Moran, G., Schuengel, C., Pederson, D. R., Otten, R. (2007). Unresolved maternal attachment representations, disrupted maternal behavior and disorganized attachment in infancy: Links to toddler behavior problems. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry, 48(10), 1042-1050. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01805.x Madigan, Moran, Otten, Pederson, and Schuengel conducted a longitudinal study (2007) with the purpose of finding the relationship between disorganized attachment in the early stages of infancy and behavior problems that emerged when becoming a toddler. The research was based on Bowlby’s model of psychopathology and his theory of attachment. Madigan, Moran, Otten, Pederson, and Shuengal related their study around this model. They looked at three relations that had to do with the development of a children behavior problems, they looked at the unresolved maternal attachment, interactive behavior between mother and child, and the infant’s attachment relationship. The subjects that took part in the research were mothers who were asked to take part at after giving birth to their child. The mothers that were chosen were under the ages of 20 years old average 18.53. There were 99 participants that had met the criteria for the study, but only 90 (91%) remained in the entire study after a 24-month visit. The infants of the 90 mothers that took part of the study were at the age of 6 months when the study was first began. Once all of the medical andShow MoreRelatedAttachment During Infancy And Early Childhood1430 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment during infancy and early childhood is extremely important for proper brain development. Whether or not a child grows into a successful adult nearly depends on them forming a secure attachment. Attachment happens when a child feels safe, secure, and protected by their caregiver at all times. demands of an infant or child can be anything from being hungry, being cold, needing to be changed, to just wanting to be held or played with. There are two main types of attachment and both of themRead MoreThe Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe eight stages of psychosocial development have a significant impact on the individual s gding to Erikson each stage is marked by conflict which if successfully addressed and overcome have a positive outcome. In order to be successful an individual has to resolve each crisis by achieving a healthy balance between the two opposing temperaments (Broderick Blewitt, 2010; Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2006). Erikson indicates that a person s psychosocial development is not precise nor is it permanentRead MoreClient Introduction : My Internship Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagespregnant with her, and that her father was out of the picture. She was placed in several foster care homes until the age of four when her father came back into her life. Shortly after, her mother was released from prison, and decided to have a relationship with her father. Rosa’s parents had a total of four children, Rosa, Maggy, Jose, Pedro, and Hector. She depicted having been psychologically, emotionally, and physically abused by her father and by Pedro. Although Rosa’s mother knew about the abuseRead MoreAttachment Between An Infant And A Caregiver1278 Words   |  6 PagesSecure, Avoidant, Ambivalent and Disorganized Attachment Theories Attachment between an Infant and a Caregiver Human nature has evolved in ways that allow for people to develop deep connections with one another. These connections are always extremely vulnerable in the very early stages of our infancy. From the moment we are born, we innately seek to forge an attachment with our caregivers; mostly because without it, we would not survive. Evidently, we are biologically programmed to bond with ourRead MoreWhat Is Meant By Plasticity On The Context Of Neural Development And Briefly Describe How It Occurs As A Lifelong Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesChanges in one’s brain can occur by gaining knowledge (â€Å"exercising the mind†), memorization, stress, genes, hormones, and one’s environment. Neuroplasticity is a process. As individuals go through the stages of life, he/she experiences the different stages of neuroplasticity (Nelson, 2011). These stages include prenatal and postnatal events that give rise to human brain functioning. The major prenatal events include neural induction, neurulation, cell proliferation and migration, followed by differentiationRead MoreThe Parenting Styles That Affect Our Future Behaviors1476 Words   |  6 Pageswith leading us to build healthy relationships. Do your childhood experiences and relationships with our parent’s shape who we turn out to be? Which parenting style is more affective on posing us to be more of model citizens who can identify and keep help relationships? All of these questions surround the different parenting styles that John Bowlby; a psychologist; whom created the concept of attachment. Bowlby not only came up with the characteristics of attachment but also the three propositionsRead MoreChild Relational Support And Developmental Guidance Essay2368 Words   |  10 Pageschildren are The Psychological Theory of Erick Erickson and The Attachment Theory of John Bowlby. Both theories deal with the stages of infancy/early childhood, and the positive or negative influence of parental interactions. The psychological theory of Erick Erickson is an important intervention to understand the impact of maltreatment on a young child. This theory explains the developmental stages across the lifespan. The developmental stages are divided by age expectations that every individual mustRead MoreAttachment Theory, Biological Influences5410 Words   |  22 PagesThe issue of attachment is one that influences an individual throughout their life, affecting many aspects of their development. It is first formed during infancy between the child and their primary care giver and is maintained over the course of their lifespan. The level of attachment that is formed during infancy creates a foundation for psychological development in the course of the individual’s life (Santrock, 2013). Attachment security can be an indication of the quality of an individual’s futureRead MoreEarly Emotional Attachment On Attachment Parenting1754 Words   |  8 PagesPeople can and do get the [attachment] theory confused with attachment parenting. The result of this may be that some parents, thinking that attachment parenting is too consuming and also because western society has a need for independence and separation, may then look for alternative methods that do not involve any form of attachment â€Å"methods†. The purpose of researching these theories is to gather information about attachment theory for those involved to make informed decisions that do not involveRead MoreHow Attachment Affects Your Adult Relationships898 Words   |  4 Pageswill be exploring the different styles of attachment, how parenting affects attachment style and in turn how it affects our love lives as adults. Built by close relationships, attachment can vary from one relationship to another, depending on how available that person is especially during infancy and childhood. As adults, we react to situations based on our attachment style, which is ingrained but not unchangeable. This not only affects our relationships with prospective partners but everyone we

Differences Between Organizational Structures And Cultures

Task one – Compare and contrast organisational structures and cultures For any organisation type, such as Sole trader, Partnership, Public sector, Limited and Public limited organisation, there are organisational cultures and structures associated with them. A formal organisational structure is deliberately constructed to fulfill specific goals: Objective of organisation structure Reason To co-ordinate the objectives and activities of separate units So that overall aims are achieved without gaps or overlaps To link individuals in an established network of relationships So that authority, responsibility and communication can be controlled To group together the tasks required to fulfill the objectives of the organisation as a whole and to allocate them to suitable groups It may be done on the basis of business function, demographics or product type To enable the follow of work information and other resources through the organisation, via clear lines of communication and co-operation So that all the different parts of the organisation are able to meet their objectives To allocate to groups or individuals the authority they require to perform their functions, as well as to account for their performance to their seniors This creates a hierarchy or chain of command, whereby authority flows downwards to each level within the organisation An informal structure, as the name suggests, it refers to an informal organisation where the idea of a network of relationships,Show MoreRelatedAnalyse the Structure of Sony in 1999 and the Restructuring In20031391 Words   |  6 PagesStudent no.1244197 The different in organization cultures are mainly related to the practices between companies, while the national culture are associated with the values that held deeply and difficult to change. Employees can adapt themselves to the organization culture and they can follow the leaders in an organization. However, if conflicts occurred between their national cultural values and the organizational culture, the organizational culture would be undermined. There are many viewpoints whichRead MoreOrganizational Structure And Culture At Lone Tree Convalescent Hospital1054 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Structure and Culture Organizational structure is the hierarchy of authority and description of the arrangement of employees within an organization (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Organizational culture is the pattern of learned values, attitudes, and behaviors in the organization’s members (Schein, 1990). Organizational environment describes the conditions of the work setting. Characteristics of a positive organizational environment include communication, collaboration, effective decision-makingRead MoreWhat Is the Relationship of Organizational Structure, Control and Culture? When Would a Company Decide to Change from a Functional to a Multidivisional Structure?593 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment 8 What is the relationship of organizational structure, control and culture? When would a company decide to change from a functional to a multidivisional structure? Between the structures, the controls and the culture is a relationship that works like a chain that is locked to itself. Organizational structure specifies procedures, controls, and decision-making authority. It is critical to match organizational structure to the company strategy. The structure have the purpose of manage the firm’sRead MoreOrganizational Culture and Structure1134 Words   |  5 Pages Organizational Culture and Structure The structure of an organization determines the allocation of roles, regulations, and responsibilities, and therefore builds a basis for the culture in an organization. There is a constant relationship between organizational structure and organizational culture that provides a theme within an organization. Both can be difficult to clearly define and distinguish when analyzing an organization. Organization culture is a perspective into theRead MoreArticle Review : Leadership Vision, Organization Culture, And Organizational Innovation1254 Words   |  6 PagesArticle Review: Leadership vision, organization culture, and support for innovation in not-for-profit and for-profit organizations. This article works on the premise that organizations must adopt a change philosophy including â€Å"transformational leadership, organizational culture, and organizational innovation† (Sarros, Cooper, Santora, 2011). This is an area which has had little attention, despite the assertion that these are important aspects required to create a change strategy. This articleRead MoreOrganizational Structure and Culture1163 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational structure can be defined as the establishment of authority and responsibilities between different positions in the company. It can be either horizontal or vertical. Organization structure also facilitates transparency in the organization (Luthans, 1998). My organization is Saint Joseph’s Hospital, which is a leading magnet facility here in Atlanta Georgia. Saint Joseph s was the first hospital in the Southeast to perform open heart surgery, the first to develop a cardiac cath labRead MoreOrganizational Structure and Cu lture Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagesthe basics of understanding the very design, structure, and culture that are appropriate in fulfilling the goals of that organization. Experts say that organizational structure and culture should work in tandem - as a team within the organization. It is important for organizations to â€Å"understand the difference between the two aspects because they can have a major influence on the firm’s success or failure.† John (2013). Organizational culture comes from the founders of the organization andRead MoreThe Difference Of Organizational Structure Between Google And Wal Mart951 Words   |  4 Pages A structure depends on the organization s objectives and strategy. In a very centralized structure, the highest layer of management has most of the choice creating power and has tight management over departments and divisions. In a much suburbanized structure, the choice creating power is distributed and also the departments and divisions could have totally different degrees of independence. Wal-mart’s structure is built upon its risk management, safety and claims management process. Google IncRead MoreOrganization and Political Power Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion Questions Week 4 1. Why do organizational structures differ? What is the difference between a mechanistic structure and an organic structure? Which structure would be most appropriate for an innovative organization like Apple or 3M? What about an organization that focuses on cost-minimization like Wal-Mart? Organizational structures differ because of the different strategies, organizational size, technology, and environment. Consider the mechanistic model and the organicRead MoreCompare Modernist and Symbolic Interpretive in Different Aspect1655 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization is based on how they are being run: culture, structure and power. Nowadays, flexibility and creativity are primary elements of the changing environment, creating virtual organization other than conventional organization: Google is successful because of diversity, organization structure and innovative. The purpose of theories is to explore organization from modernist to symbolic interpretative perspective by using culture, power and structure. How modernist and symbolic interpretive are different

Every Women Matters Program - 994 Words

Every Woman Matters Program Early detection of breast and cervical cancer reduced the burden of disease in women. The practices of Screening shown reduce the level of mortality and improve quality of life. The Every Woman Matters (EWM)stared in 1992 it is a federally-funded program designed to remove barrier to early screening by providing awareness and make screening more financially accessible to woman who have limited or no health insurance. The eligible women receive pay for office visits with associated clinical breast examination, pelvic examination, Papanicolaou smear test, and lab fees (Backer et al., 2004). Age-appropriate mammography and limited number of diagnostic test is also covered under program. In this paper I will†¦show more content†¦This was population based study of 22 year screening period and considered as a main strength of the study which makes it successful. (Sigurdsson Olafsdottir, 2013) Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) provides access to breast and cervical cancer screening to underserved women in all 50 states. NBCCEDP programs use population-based approaches such as public education, patient navigation, and outreach, care coordination to increase screening and reach underserved and uninsured populations. This program provides cervical screening for 21 to 64 year and breast screening for 40 to 64 years. Since this program initiated in 1991 almost 3.7 million women has been screened and 44,885 cases of breast cancer, 2,554 cervical cancers and123, 563 cervical precursor lesions have been detected (Benard et.al , 2011). NBCCEDP use Conceptual Framework supports a collection of strategies to reach uninsured women, including program controlling, screening and diagnostic services. Team members of the NBCCEDP work collaboratively to provide breast and cervical cancer screening, diagnost ic evaluation, treatment and referrals. â€Å"The programs continued success depends in large part on the complementary efforts of a variety of national partner organizations, as well as on state and community partners† (CDC, 2012). The key success for these two cancer screening programmesShow MoreRelatedEvery Women Matters Program1003 Words   |  5 PagesEvery Woman Matters Program Early detection of breast and cervical cancer reduced the burden of disease in women. The practices of Screening shown reduce the level of mortality and improve quality of life. The Every Woman Matters (EWM)stared in 1992 it is a federally-funded program designed to remove barrier to early screening by providing awareness and make screening more financially accessible to woman who have limited or no health insurance. The eligible women receive pay for office visits withRead MoreEvery Woman Matters Program: Review1288 Words   |  5 PagesEvery Woman Matters Program: Review The Every Woman Matters Program was created as a tactic to fix the current suboptimal levels of cancer screening for women in Nebraska. Researchers found that even though low income level women understood the importance of these types of screening, this specific type of comprehension did very little to push women towards getting screened for these types of cancers (Backer et al., 2005). This is of course understandable: women in low income households are moreRead MorePromoting Positive Health Behaviors: Prevention Programs that Advocate for Early Cancer Screening 1379 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen many efforts by numerous private and public entities to create programs aimed at prevention of certain types of cancer. Due to ineffective intervention strategies many programs struggle to produce positive outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the Every Woman Matters Program (EWM), its ineffectiveness and the reasons as to why the program was unsuccessful. I will summarize and analyze two other prevention programs that succeeded at the goal of advocating and promoting health andRead MoreCancer Screening : A Effective Screening Program As A Nurse Leader1031 Words   |  5 Pagesmake informed decisions about their health care. The purpose of this paper is to observe the Every Woman Matters Program, reasons of its ineffectiveness in meeting its goals, review two evidence based cancer screening advocacy programs and the strategies to create more effective screening program as a nurse leader. Every Woman Matters Program Every Woman Matters (EWM) a state-run federally funded program, is designed to remove barriers to preventive breast and cervical cancer screening by raisingRead MorePositive Outcomes Via Health Screening1097 Words   |  5 Pagesscreening programs are at the forefront of budgetary meetings in government agencies and boardrooms across the nation. According to a 2010 study of the cost effectiveness of preventive care, there is a possibility of savings of $3.7 Billion if current programs could increase use to around 90 %(Maciosek, et. al., 2010). While cost will always be a consideration, there obviously is the human element that must be addressed at the ground level. Inspiring people to use government or state funded programs isRead MoreEssay About Barangay933 Words   |  4 PagesTable 3: Distribution of women in the Programs of the Barangay where they are involved Programs YES NO Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage 1. Traffic Rules and Regulation 76 76 % 24 24 % 2. on Health, Nutrition and Wellness 96 96 % 4 4 % 3. on Youth Development and Activities 95 95 % 5 5 % 4. on Security and Protection 95 95 % 5 5 % 5. on Disaster Rescue 95 95 % 5 5 % 6. on Drug Abuse and other vices 96 96 % 4 4 % 7. on Curfew and 92 92 % 8 8 % 8. on Juvenile delinquency 96 96 % 4 4 % 9Read MoreCervical Cancer : A Type Of Human Papilloma Virus Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesabout 200 women in New Zealand per year and almost 70 women die every year because of it. This commonly happens to women whom are in their 30’s and often with no symptoms (Southern Cross, 2015). This problem is caused by a type of human papilloma virus or HPV which is commonly transmitted thru sexual contact and an estimated count of 80% on sexually active women are affected in their lives. About 40 types of Human Papilloma Virus are linked with Cervical Cancer and sad to say that many women are unawareRead MoreDifferences Between Men And Women, And The Classism And Privileges Between White And Black People908 Words   |  4 Pageslittle too far at times, but sometimes it just was not fair for the things she was being punished for. During middle school, she found a program called Whyld Girls. This program helps girls in poverty to be more aware of their surroundings. Destiny learned about birth control, how to survive high school, and how to apply and get into college. After joining this program, Destiny started getting better grades in school and receiving fewer detentions. Black girls do tend to have more of an outspoken attitudeRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1491 Words   |  6 Pagesin different levels of society, and cannot be ignored by social institutions and people. The issue of domestic violence cannot be avoided because of the unfortunately high rate of abusive behavior, and more and more pe ople being affected by abuse every day. People and social institutions cannot close their eyes to these problems, and need to help victims of abuse to be rehabilitated from these harmful experiences. Objective paragraph Domestic violence is an abusive behavior that occurs in relationshipsRead MoreThe Role And Image Of Women1369 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout Spain’s history, the role and image of women have been shaped by the ideals set forth by the traditional and devout Catholic political authority. After the changes that followed the death of dictator Francisco Franco, the female role in Spain has been just as much in transition as the nation’s political system. This time of transition would serve as an opportunity where Spanish women could reclaim their identity and show that they were just as deserving of their individual rights as

Personal Convictions Arise When Areas Of The Bible Are Gray

Personal convictions arise when areas of the Bible are gray. In the New International Bible Dictionary, conviction is described as a way the Holy Spirit convinces Christians of the path towards righteousness (Douglas Tenney, 1987, p. 232). In contrast, according to the Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, conviction is defined as â€Å"a strong persuasion or belief†. A personal conviction is a combination of both definitions, combining strong beliefs with God’s placement of them on a person’s heart. In order to facilitate Christlike thinking and action in one’s life, a Christian should have and develop their own personal convictions. Personal Conviction Development Personal convictions get their start by our faith education base and how we†¦show more content†¦49). Personal convictions should be developed in order for the Christian to begin to understand Christlike thinking and action. Convictions to Avoid Not all convictions help us maintain our path towards Christ’s likeness. Convictions that are linked to nothing more than superstitions can harm a Christian’s focus. For example, on Facebook there are multiple instances claiming if a post is shared, the person will be blessed. There is no merit to these posts and Christians should not spend time on these superstitions. The only way to be blessed in this life, is through the son, Jesus Christ. Sharing and posting on Facebook may be entertaining, however it does not lead to Christian thinking or action. As Christians, our focus should be on God and what His Word says. There are no quick and fast ways down a Christian life path. The Bible warns us against a superstitious focus in 1 Timothy 4:7, as Paul clearly tells Timothy to stay clear of any superstitious myths or tales and focus on God. This is good advice for us all in today’s world. Another conviction that should be avoided are those that are established to attract attention for a selfish ego. A few years back, a group of church members decided to attempt a Daniel Fast over the Lenten season. Several members on the fast added a competitive element. They were determined to be the only ones

The Miranda warning Free Essays

Introduction For even the most casual viewer of police television shows, the cry of â€Å"read me my rights† has been heard from the lips of accused criminals as frequently as anything else.   Beyond this statement, however, lies a real life drama- The Miranda Warning.   Where this warning came from, its true meaning and intent, as well as what the future should hold for The Miranda Warning are all pivotal questions which will be answered in the course of this research in order to better understand not only Miranda, but the overall American criminal justice system and its approach to the rights of those accused of crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Miranda warning or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is the Miranda Warning? To begin, the origins of The Miranda Warning itself, as well as the actual verbiage of the warning, need to be understood.   Originally, The Miranda Warning came forth from the legal case of Ernesto Miranda, the focus of the 1963 Supreme Court Case Miranda v. Arizona   (Lyman, 2004).   Essentially, the facts of the case are as follows: Ernesto Miranda was arrested, accused of the rape of a mildly mentally handicapped woman.   At the time of his arrest, Miranda was not advised by the arresting officer that he had the Constitutional right to remain silent, to choose not to answer questions without an attorney present, and to not be forced to offer any information that would be used against him in any legal case. Eventually, Miranda’s attorney argued that Miranda’s confession to the crime should be thrown out of court, because it was obtained without Miranda being advised of his rights.   The original judge in the case denied this motion, but eventually, the Supreme Court ruled that the statements that Miranda originally made to the police should be disregarded because he was not read his rights (Robertson, 1997).   As a result of this pivotal ruling, a standardized warning, therein known as The Miranda Warning, was instituted by all police forces in the United States, and recited to anyone accused of a crime before being questioned.   The full text of the warning is as follows: â€Å"You have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions. Do you understand? Anything you do say may be used against you in a court of law. Do you understand? You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the future. Do you understand?  If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish. Do you understand? If you decide to answer questions now without an attorney present you will still have the right to stop answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Do you understand? Knowing and understanding your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to answer my questions without an attorney present?† (Robertson, 1997, p. 161)  Ultimately, the warning was effectively made much shorter and easier for suspects to understand, presented as follows: â€Å"You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to speak to an attorney, and to have an attorney present during any questioning. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you at government expense.† (Robertson, 1997, p. 162). With The Miranda Warning having been refined and put in place, one would make the assumption that the rights of individuals are protected, and the police are safeguarded against having key evidence dismissed on a technicality, but the opposite is actually the case.   Further research has revealed pivotal issues surrounding The Miranda Warning. Pivotal Issues Surrounding the Miranda Warning The Miranda Warning faces heavy controversy both from the viewpoint of the criminal justice system and the accused criminal.   For police and the courts, Miranda is sometimes argued against, as the claim is made that the Warning prevents the swift investigation of criminal matters due to the lack of divulgence of important information during questioning that could literally save lives or property; this has especially become true in the modern era of terrorism, when foreign suspects, many argue, need to be compelled to give information immediately so that potential terror plots can be diffused before mass murder occurs. However, for the accused and the attorneys that represent them, Miranda is seen as something that is necessary in order to keep police from either misinterpreting the statements of suspects, coercing confessions out of suspects through psychological means, or by actually resorting to violence to literally beat a confession out of the suspect (Miranda’s Enemies, 2000).   Based on the two sides of the issue, the pivotal issue is clear: how can Miranda be used in a way that protects victims, aids law enforcement and promotes common order, while still giving accused criminals the entitlements of due process as guaranteed by the Constitution?   There is no clear answer to how this can be achieved, but on both the federal and state levels, the issue has been explored. States’ Views of the Miranda Warning Some states have taken a more generous view of the use of Miranda than others, resulting in cases being brought to appeal in the supreme courts of those states.   The landmark case in this regard, cited over the past several years, is Missouri v. Seibert.   The basic facts of this case were that police in the state of Missouri were reading Miranda to suspects only after they began questioning them, and they would then continue to question after the reading, in an effort to confuse a suspect. With this approach, the suspect, even if their statements made before the reading were dismissed, would still likely have some statements made after the reading that would be incriminating.   Calling this a â€Å"two-step† around the Constitution, this practice was eventually ruled illegal by a Missouri court (Leo, 1996).   This also brings up another important technicality- the need to provide Miranda to everyone being questioned by police, or only those who are officially placed under arrest.   The net effect of all of this is to greatly muddy the legal waters and make the use of Miranda, or the lack of it, a hot legal topic on both sides of the courtroom bench, so to speak.   Therefore, many states have looked to the federal government to issue universal decrees on Miranda. Constitutional View of the Miranda Warning Every accused criminal has classically been protected by the Constitution, specifically by the First and Fifth Amendments as an example.   Essentially, all of the debates about Miranda have filtered down to a few Constitutional standards, which of course are not set in stone due to the dynamic nature of the American justice system, but are worthy of discussion in this research.   Generally speaking, the Supreme Court of the United States, based on cases like Missouri v. Seibert, has ruled that neither the accused in a criminal case, nor those arrested in a criminal case need to be â€Å"Mirandized† as it has come to be called. However, there is a caution to be noted- if the individual is not made aware of their rights, there is the possibility that statements they make can be dismissed in a legal case against them since the information was technically obtained in an illegal manner by the law enforcement personnel who obtained it in the first place (Nooter, 2005).   Again, there is a legal tightrope to be walked here, between what can be done to protect individual rights of accused and victim alike, while still serving the interests of justice and fulfilling the role of law enforcement in society.   A key question leads to the conclusion of the research- what should be done about Miranda? Conclusion- What Should be Done about the Miranda Warning? In wondering what should be done about Miranda, there is something that needs to be laid out right off- there is no ideal criminal justice system, and the guilty will sometimes avoid punishment, and unfortunately, the innocent will be punished as well.   However, this being said, there need to be safeguards in place to make sure that the police do not falsely generate evidence against accused criminals, and as well, that the truly guilty do not escape justice.   Therefore, in closing, it is one humble opinion that Miranda should be kept in place, closely monitored as it has been.   While it is flawed in some areas, to discard it wholesale would be much worse than the present situation. References Leo, R. A. (1996). The Impact of Miranda Revisited. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 86(3), 621-692. Lyman, M.D. (2004).   Criminal Investigation: The Art and Science.   New York: Prentice Hall. Miranda’s Enemies. (2000, May 15). The Nation, 270, 4. Nooter, D. S. (2005). Is Missouri V. Seibert Practicable? Supreme Court Dances the â€Å"Two-Step† around Miranda. American Criminal Law Review, 42(3), 1093+. Robertson, D. (1997). A Dictionary of Human Rights. London: Europa Publications. How to cite The Miranda warning, Essay examples

Food Desert - Analysis free essay sample

The implementation of this strategy,  specifically by  pioneering small formats in the food desert neighborhoods of Chicago, shows the increased sales opportunities for this market. Walmarts market segmentation studies have shown the potential strength of this type of strategy. The announcement of these stores, and a similar recent announcement in Dallas, demonstrate the importance of these markets in Walmarts plans to gain increased market share of the grocery business.Intelligent market segmentation studies by Walmart have proven the opportunities in these types of urban markets in the US as well as the potential in the Hispanic market, especially in California, Texas and Florida. While traditional grocers   struggle to gain market share by minor improvements in their existing formats and offerings, Walmart has identified significant new opportunities through these studies. Implementation of the Walmart strategy may well bring it an increased dominance in the grocery markets across the US. Smaller, regional chains would do well to define more specific market segments to serve in order to hold their own in their markets. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Desert Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While Walmart cannot take over every special format or segment, they will be very tough competition in the markets where they implement the current strategies. Negotiations for Walmart to gain sites in Brooklyn and other boroughs of Manhattan represent another beach head for this strategy. While the resistance by labor unions and community activists in New  York will make this a tough strategy to implement, Walmart has the staying power to outlast some of the opposition.In addition, their ability to publicize the positive impact on the community through increased employment and merchandise offerings may further erode negative public impression. They have also embraced a number of environmental sustainability initiatives which might buy favorable press in areas like New York. The potential  for incremental sales increases is dramatic here. This is an initiative to watch, and one which may be a game changer for grocery  retail in the US.

Bnl free essay sample

# 8211 ; When I Fall Poetry Essay, Research Paper When I fall is a lyrical vocal written by Steven Page and Ed Robertson of the Barenaked Ladies. It is about a window washer who is at a critical minute in his life. The vocal is structured in such a manner that a patterned advance and transmutation is seen in the window washers problems from worrisome to life endangering. The window washer is the character of the verse form, and in the first stanza he expresses a fright. He is someplace he doesn T privation to be and is scared. This is followed by the chorus of the vocal in which it is made clear that he wants to do a alteration in his life, but is afraid of failure. At this point the window washers problems take on the signifier of deep mental torment where he resorts to prayer and plaints on the physically and mentally distressing facets of his universe. We will write a custom essay sample on Bnl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the following stanza, the window washer remarks on the prestigiousness of the council chamber he looks into as he washes the Windowss. Here he addresses the alteration he wants to do in his life and provinces that he would wish to trade topographic points with the concern work forces in the room. However, he realizes that this is impossible because they would neer hold to take down themselves to the stature of a window washer. When he realizes this, his ideas go extremist and he contemplates suicide. By the terminal of the vocal nevertheless, he pulls himself together and recognize that what he does and who is does hold some value in the universe. All of this is brought to the reader by an abundant usage of nonliteral linguistic communication throughout the vocal. For Instance, the scaffold the adult male is standing on symbolizes his place in life ( he is scared and wants to get away. In the 3rd stanza, after depicting the jobs with his universe and how he prays, he curses the windstorms. This is really a metaphor for his mental confusion and desperation. In the following stanza, the prestigiousness of the council chamber is made apparent by the allusion of it towards a pharoahs grave. We know in the terminal that he has pulled it all together when he calls his crystal clear canvas ( the Windowss ) a chef-doeuvre. He has given value to his work and therefore, value to his life. The sonf has a definite rime strategy which lends itself good to the subject of the verse form. In the stanza which addresses his frights and jobs and problems etc. , internal rime is used to give the lines a broken, jerky feel ( possibly much like the adult males ideas ) . However, when he speaks of get awaying and traveling to better topographic points in life ( or decease ) , the metre flows much more nicely and reflects a pleasant watercourse of consciousness. Overall, I think Ed Robertson and Steven page wanted to picture those minutes in life that everyone has where they want to do a extremist alteration. Im certain many of you have felt that manner at one clip or another and I know that I definitley have. This nevertheless, is an utmost instance in that the window washer contemplates suicide. Like most instances nevertheless, there is no major life change.

Silencing the Editor Within

SILENCING THE EDITOR WITHIN One of the most difficult parts of writing – even if you write all day, every day – is learning to ignore your internal editor when you’re working on a first draft. Even now, as I start writing, I can hear the nagging voice of doubt that makes it difficult to put words on paper. My particular voice of doubt looks a bit like my ninth-grade English teacher: She’s got a sour expression on her face, and she’s wearing necklace made of little wooden apples. She knows everything. She hates experimentation. She stands behind me, reading over my shoulder and shaking her head. She makes little noises of disapproval as I work; the tap of my fingers on the keys punctuated every so often with notes of discouragement: â€Å"Oh, you can do better than that, can’t you?† â€Å"Well. That’s not very interesting, is it?† â€Å"I just don’t get it.† Writing, well, isn’t always easy. Fighting the urge to engage in too much self-editing is even harder. There’s nothing wrong with having high standards. But, if you fret too much about getting it right the first time, you’ll wind up with a migraine and a blank page. Maybe your first draft is dreadful. So what? Throw it away, hit the â€Å"delete† key, bury it in the backyard in a shallow grave – whatever makes you feel better. And keep going. Experiment a little. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes. You’ll have plenty of time to revise and let your internal editor go crazy after you’ve gotten your ideas written down. But, when you’re trying to write a first draft, you have to ignore her and concentrate on what you’re trying to say and how you’re trying to say it. You can’t grow as a writer until you learn to stop worrying about perfection.

Supporting Hearing-Impaired Students in Classrooms

Supporting Hearing-Impaired Students in Classrooms Children suffer from hearing loss for a variety of reasons. Genetic factors, illnesses, accidents, problems in a pregnancy (rubella, for instance), complications during birth and several early childhood illnesses, such as mumps or measles, have been found to contribute to hearing loss. Signs of hearing problems include: turning the ear toward the noise, favoring one ear over another, lack of follow through with directions or instructions, seeming distracted and or confused. Other signs of hearing loss in children include turning the television up too loud, delayed speech or unclear speech, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But the CDC also points out that signs and symptoms of hearing loss differ in each person. A hearing screening or test can assess hearing loss. â€Å"Hearing loss can affect a child’s ability to develop speech, language, and social skills. The earlier children with hearing loss start getting services, the more likely they are to reach their full potential,† the CDC states. â€Å"If you are a parent and you suspect your child has hearing loss, trust your instincts and speak with your child’s doctor.† Hearing-impaired children have a higher risk of developing language-processing difficulties. If left unchecked, these children can have trouble keeping up in class. But this doesn’t have to be the case. Teachers can employ a number of methods to prevent hearing-impaired children from being left behind in school. Strategies for Teachers of Hearing-Impaired Students Here are 10 strategies teachers can use to help hearing-impaired children. They’ve been adapted from the  United Federation of Teachers website. Make sure hearing-impaired students wear amplification devices, such as a frequency modulated (FM) unit that will connect to a microphone for you to wear. â€Å"The FM device allows your voice to be heard directly by the student,† according to the UFT website.Use the child’s residual hearing, as the total hearing loss is rare.Allow hearing-impaired students to sit where they think best, as sitting close to the teacher will help the child to better understand the context of your words by observing your facial expressions.Don’t shout. If the child is already wearing an FM device, your voice will be amplified, as it is.Give interpreters copies of lessons in advice. This will help the interpreter prep the student for the vocabulary used in the lesson.Focus on the child, not the interpreter. Teachers do not need to give interpreters directions to give to the child. The interpreter will relay your words without being asked.Only speak while facing forward. Do not speak with your back to hearing impaired children. They need to see your face for context and visual cues. Enhance lessons with visuals, as hearing impaired children tend to be visual learners.Repeat words, directions, and activities.Make every lesson language-oriented. Have a print-rich classroom with labels on the objects inside.

Ecotourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ecotourism - Essay Example In addition, it will present two case studies of ecotourism. Ecotourism denotes a responsible form of tourism that promotes both environmental projects and the welfare of the people in the regions of interest (Baromey, 2008). It offers the tourism a great deal of pleasure and a connection with nature and people of different cultural diversities. Ecotourism seeks to create a unification front of environmental conservation, sustainable travel, and communities. Ecotourism operates within a variety of principles that act as guidelines in the venture. It seeks to minimize the impacts that come because of mass and uncontrolled tourism. It also focuses on creating an environmental and cultural awareness as well as respect. Ecotourism has the interests of the tourists as well and emphasizes strives to ensure that tourism derive a measure of satisfaction and have memories of good experiences. Moreover, ecotourism strives to provide the hosts with positive experiences. For ecotourism to prove effective, it must yield financial benefits towards all forms of conservation. The communities that surround tourist destination must derive benefits financially and a form of social empowerment. Ecotourism also focuses on highlighting the necessary sensitivity concerning a country’s social, political, and environmental climate (Buckley, 2004). According to Buckley (2009), ecotourism emerged in the 1980’s after a realization that majority of tourists preferred natural areas. Tourism trends were changing with increased visits to places that tourists interact and connect with nature. The debate and concerns about the environment gave ecotourism an enormous popularity enabling it to penetrate completely into the tourism industry. The term became very popular among tourism promoters. The growth of ecotourism progressed to maturity as many initial theories underwent the test of time and more realistic concepts adopted. The realistic concepts and definitions have come into p lace after evidence based on empirical data became available. Ecotourism has slowly become the most preferable form of tourism because of its sustainability. Sustainability in this context is in reference to its different aspects of promoting the environment, tourist experience, economic benefits and socio-cultural dimensions because of its sustainability, most tourist organizations on the national and international front advocate for ecotourism (Singh, 2010). Community-based approach is one of the strategies emphasize by some organizations. In this approach, the local communities inhabiting the natural areas considered a tourist destination often exercise a measure of control in the ecotourism project. They participate actively in the designing projects as well as the management. In addition, they receive a portion of the economic benefits. The level of contribution of different communities depends on the institutions in place. This implies that planning of a community-based ecotou rism requires an inclusion of initiatives within the community. Community-based have the potential of achieving several targets of ecotourism. From this approach, a community shifts to sustainable livelihood forms. In addition, the approach presents a community with the opportunity of direct contribution in conservation. Direct involvement of a community increases the benefits a community can derive from ecotourism and motivates the community to contribute more to conservation projects.

Critique Article - Math for the young child or any math critique Essay

Critique Article - Math for the young child or any math critique article that deals with children - Essay Example There is immense value to the content of the article as it summarizes the results of the four year long researches on developing  the  Ã¢â‚¬ËœBig  Math  for  Little Kids’ pre-kindergarten and kindergarten mathematics program. The authors present ‘Big  Math  for  Little Kids’ as the  product of their effort from 1998 to 2002, to develop â€Å"a research-based and developmentally appropriate early childhood mathematics program  for  all pre-kindergarten and kindergarten children.† (Balfanz, Robert. et al, 2003, p. 264). The program consists of an all-inclusive set of sequenced learning activities and the lesson units of this program includes numbers, shapes, patterns and logic, measurement, operations on numbers, and spatial relations. The program, as the authors claim, combines mathematics into the daily routines and other early learning areas of the children such as music, art, movement, reading, writing, and science. It also presents mathematical symbols and words in the most cautious and meaningful ways aiming at the children’s lighthearted but purposeful learning of Mathematics. In their article, the authors not only provide the theoretical and research based evidences to the effectiveness of the program, but more significantly the evidences of the practical success of the ‘Big  Math  for  Little Kids’ from their observed results. After introducing the program the ‘Big  Math  for  Little Kids’ in detail, the authors deal with its research base which includes psychological and educational research as well as the design principles. They maintain that every child is capable of learning mathematics at a  young  age based on their researches. According to the authors, it is important to provide the children with adult guidance along with opportunity for play and they also specify that low-income children should

Nursing Assessment Problem Identification Case Study Mr Lim

Nursing Assessment Problem Identification Case Study Mr Lim The medical record also shows that Mr. Lim has Type 2 diabetes (DM). His blood glucose level is 6.5mmol//L which according to Changi General Hospital (2009), is well-controlled for a diabetic patient. DM may be the major cause of Mr. Lims development of chronic renal failure (CRF) as suggested by Daniels and Hostetter (1992). Diabetes results in kidney damage by accelerating atherosclerosis and inducing hypertension (Rachmani, Ravid, 2003). A recent research links diabetes with atherosclerosis by the large amount of advanced glycation end products produced in diabetic patients that suppress the enzymes capable of dilating blood vessels and inhibiting inflammation of blood vessels (University of Rochester Medical Center, 2008, March 17). Inflammation of the glomerulus can result in hardening with scar formation, inducing tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic nephropathy causing it to progress into CRF (Brosius et al, 2008). The medical record shows that he has history of hypertension. On assessment, he exhibits high blood pressure (B/P) of 165/105, jugular venous distension (JVD), bilateral lower limb edema and change in skin turgor. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is the second most common cause of CRF after DM. It causes CRF by increasing pressure in the arterial wall leading to stiffening and thickening of the afferent arteriolar and subsequently damages the glomerulus (Hill, 2008). However, hypertension as the only cause of CRF only occurs in those who are genetically predisposed (Freeman, Sedor, 2008). The other way round, Mr. Lims elevated B/P could be due to increased cardiac output associated with sodium and fluid retention as a complication of CRF (Hortom-Szar, 2007). Hypertension is exacerbated in CRF because damaged kidney is no longer able to maintain electrolyte balance and excreting of sodium is impaired due to damaged nephrons, leading to more amount of water reabsorbed, and hence hypertens ion and edema (Moorthy, 2009). As a result of fluid retention, Mr. Lim may report experiencing breathlessness and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. On assessment, he exhibits tachypnea with increased respiration rate of 22/min, may be accompanied with crackles. This is associated to decreased oxygen saturation of 95% leading to an increased in respiratory rate as the body attempts to compensate by exhaling more carbon dioxide (Broscious, Castagnola, 2006). Left ventricular heart failure can also occur as a result of compensatory mechanism to reduced cardiac output in fluid overload (Thomas, 2008). The blood test results show increase in both creatinine (Cr) to 1.7mg/dL more than normal range of and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to 28mg/dL, more than normal range of 0.6-1.3mg/dL and 10-20mg/dL, indicating decrease in renal ability to excrete waste product of metabolism (Hattersley, Mahon, 2002). Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a better indicator of kidney function than serum creatinine level as it also takes into consideration of individuals body mass according to race (Thomas, 2008). Mr. Lims eGFR of 41 indicates stage 3 kidney damage. Mr Lims hemoglobin level of 12g/dL falls in the normal range of 12-18g/dL but in the lower end as anemia only starts to occur in state 3 CRF as suggested by Moorthy (2009). He is likely to become anemic if left uncontrolled as CRF progression results in fewer production of erythropoietin leading to a shortage of red blood cells (Moorthy, 2009). 2. Sleeping Mr. Lim reports insomnia. It could be due to pain, itchy skin, breathlessness or feelings of powerless, anxiety and financial stress. Depression and anxiety are also hurdles to Mr. Lims compliance to medical and dietary management of CKF as suggested by Kopple and Massry (2004). He may find life meaningless when challenged with poor health leading to spiritual deprivation and lack of impetus to improve his conditions. 3. Maintaining a safe environment Mr. Lim exhibits hyperthermia with temperature 37.8Â °C, higher than normal temperature of 37.0Â °C. Mr. Lim should be assessed for other signs of infection such as chills, aches, nausea, vomiting and cloudy urine caused by pus or bacteria. This is important because indwelling catheter and intravenous line provide entrance for harmful microorganisms and infection is likely as his immune system is suppressed due to disease progression (Heinzelmann et al, 1999). Lower leg edema also increases Mr. Lims risk for infection by ulcer development (Stalbow, 2004). Mr. Lim may complain of sudden onset of itching skin. According to Brewster (1996), Mr. Lim has a high risk of getting severe uremic pruritus because of his gender and high BUN level. Pruritus is caused by excretion of calcium, phosphorus and urea in the skin (Thomas, 2008). Assessment may reveal scratch marks. Scratching can cause blooding and bruising in Mr. Lim because of capillary permeability and altered clotting functions due to disease progression (Thomas, 2008). A nurse should assess Mr. Lims risk for injury associated with uremia induced central nervous system disorder. Mr. Lim may exhibit mental disabilities such as poor memory, loss of concentration and slower mental ability (Moorthy, 2007). Mr. Lim has high risk for fall if his mental status is altered. A nurse should also assess for signs of head injury associated with Mr. Lims fall. 4. Pain Mr. Lim reports a pain score of 4. He may describe flank pain as dull, aching and steady pain at the posterior costal margin. He may also complain of leg pain due to edema. Joint pain could also occur due to renal bone disease resulted from releasing of calcium may be released from bone to compensate decreased serum calcium (Broscious, Castagnola, 2006). Serum calcium level decreased due to albumin loss in CRF because some calcium is bind to protein. CRF also reduces vitamin D synthesis, resulting in less calcium absorption in the gut. He exhibits muscular spasm and tetany due to hypocalcemia (Moorthy, 2007). 5. Eating and drinking Mr. Lim may report loss of appetite due to metallic taste in mouth and prescribed unpalatable renal diet. Weight measurement may show rapid weight loss. Mr. Lim also requires a high-calcium diet to replace low serum calcium level. 6. Communication Effective patient education may be impeded by his lack of attention and fatigue as treatment requires a lot of patient participation. Ineffective communication would also prevent patient from discussing his concerns with his sons, making him feel more helpless and powerless. 7. Personal cleansing and dressing Mr. Lim reports extreme fatigue, weakness resulting in difficulty performing the activities of daily living. On assessment, Mr. Lim exhibits unkempt appearance and decreased range of motion especially of lower extremities. 8. Mobilising Mr. Lim may have difficulties ambulating due to pain from lower limbs swelling and renal bone disease. It could also be due to Wittmaack-Ekboms syndrome and paresthesia of feet associated with sensory neuropathy from uremia (Moorthy, 2008). 9. Eliminating Mr. Lim reports oliguria for last 24 hours and his urine output is measured to be 20 to 25ml/hour, below than normal volume of 33 to 84ml/hour suggested by Dugdale (2009). As a result, his urine colour appears dark due to decrease urine excretion. Urine output decreases because kidney is unable to excrete water due to damaged nephrons with decreased GFR (Broscious, Castagnola, 2006). Weight measurement may show rapid weight gain. However, fluctuation of weight may not occur due to malnutrition. Mr. Lim may exhibit hematemesis and tarry stool associated with gastrointestinal bleeding due to irritation by ammonia which is released in the gut by the breakdown of urea (Thomas, 2008). Mr. Lim may report difficulty in passing motion. Constipation occurs in patients with CRF as fluid intake is restricted and patient is inactive due to fatigue (Thomas, 2008). Nursing Diagnosis 1. Fluid overload related to inability of the kidneys to produce and eliminate urine as evidenced by high B/P of 165/105, edema and decreased urine output to 20 to 25mL/hour 2. Powerlessness related to lack of understanding of diagnosis and treatment plan and feeling of loss of control as evidenced by patient verbalization of financial concerns and appearing anxious and worried. 3. Risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements, related to decreased calcium absorption and decreased oral intake associated with loss of appetite and prescribed unpalatable diet as evidenced by low serum calcium of 2.0mg/dL, weight loss and patient verbalizes lack of energy. 4. Pain 5. Activity intolerance 6. Knowledge deficit 7. Risk for impaired skin integrity 8. Risk for prolonged bleeding 9. Risk for infection 10. Risk for fall C) Nursing Interventions 1. Fluid overload A nurse should monitor circulating volume by evaluating Mr. Lims daily weight, fluid intake and output records, JVD and circumference of edematous parts and vital signs, particularly blood pressure and pulse. Nursing care should also include assessing for crackle and S3 heart sound. Close monitoring allows the nurse to consult a physician if signs and symptoms of fluid overload worsen so interventions can be taken to prevent complications such as pulmonary edema or cardiac failure (Martchev, D). Medications such as diuretics which increase excretion of urine and arterial vasodilators to increase renal perfusion should be administered. This is important as controlling of hypertension and primary diseases are the only interventions proven effective in preventing progression of CRF (Thomas, 2008). Since Mr. Lim is diabetic, he requires B/P lower than 130/88mmHg to achieve same benefits as non-diabetic patients whose target B/P is 140/85mmHg (as cited in Thomas, 2008). However, Mr. Lim should not be intensely treated to become edema-free because of the danger of hypotension (Carpenito-Moyet, 2009). A nurse should collaborate with dietician in planning a renal diet with strict fluid restrictions, low sodium and low protein with high biological protein and encourage Mr. Lim to adhere to the diet. The amount of fluid given to Mr. Lim is restricted to 24-hour urine output plus 500mL to replace insensible loss to maintain fluid balance. Low-sodium diet is beneficial to prevent further fluid retention. High biological proteins from meats, cheese and milk provide amino acids essential for cell growth and repair but release less BUN during metabolism (Carpenito-Moyet, 2009). A nurse should assist Mr. Lim to sit in a semi-Fowler position since not contraindicated and elevate his feet when sitting up. Literature review shows that this increases lung volume, allowing him to breathe better and reduces venous return to the heart and thus decreases blood pressure (Bixby, 2005). Expected outcomes: During treatment in hospital, Mr. Lim does not develop complications of CRF. Before discharge, Mr. Lims B/P returns to his baseline prior to onset of renal failure, his edema is decreased and his electrolytes are normal or at baseline. 2. Powerlessness Since Mr. Lim expresses financial concerns, the nurse can inform Mr. Lim and his family that he is included in the Medisave for Chronic Disease Management Programme as he suffers from DM and hypertension which are covered in the programme, as such, he can activate Medisave to pay most of the bill when he visits general practitioner which can total up to $150 per visit (Health Professionals Portal, 2008). A nurse should encourage Mr. Lim to verbalize his concerns about potential changes in body image, life style and express feelings and frustrations. Patients with CRF feel inferior due to a restricted life style and dependence on others (as cited in Carpenito-Moyet, 2009). Effective communication between the nurse and the patient is necessary for a successful discharge planning including reduced anxiety and better quality of life (Carroll, Dowling, 2007). A nurse should and tell him not to see himself as a victim of disease as he has the capability to control the disease progression by complying with diet, fluid restriction and follow-up care. The nurse should provide adequate information about the multiple facets of the illness and therapy options encourage him to make decisions with the new knowledge. Self-worth and dignity can be enhanced when patient actively participates in decision making. Literature review shows that increasing patients self-worth is an effective treatment for depression in elderly (Ku et al, 2008). A nurse should explore the effects of the disease on Mr. Lims family as chronic illness has negative impact for the whole family, not just the individual with the disease. Expected outcomes: The nurse provides a holistic care to Mr. Lim and his family. Mr. Lim participates actively in decision-making for plan of care and identifies personal strengths and factors he can control and as a result is highly compliant to the treatment. 3. Risk for imbalanced nutrition A nurse should explain to Mr. Lim and his family about the reasons for dietary and fluid restrictions. Interaction between patient and nurse and family can enhance adherence to treatment by empowering them with knowledge (Kopple, Massry, 2004). The nurse should encourage good oral hygiene before and after meals and provide a pleasant environment during mealtimes to stimulate appetite. The nurse should be aware that individuals cultural background influences his food choices and relationship between diet and health (Kopple, Massry, 2004). He/she may discuss with Mr. Lim dietary options rather than restrictions as he might become discouraged if the diet is too restrictive and unpalatable (as cited in Kopple, Massry, 2004). A nurse can provide methods for Mr. Lim to relieve dry mouth with metallic taste and maintain fluid restriction as required by his condition. He/she can suggest Mr. Lim to take ice chips instead of water as one cup of ice equals only half cup of water and he can attain more satisfaction from ice as it stays in the mouth longer. He may also keep hard candy with him as it can alleviate dry mouth by stimulating saliva secretion. Frequent rinsing is also useful. Administer vitamin D or calcium supplements as ordered. Calcium supplements can replace calcium and decrease risk of tetany. Vitamin D facilitates calcium reabsorption in the gut. Expected outcomes: Mr. Lim understands the importance of adequate nutritional intake and complies with the prescribed dietary regime within 2 days. His calcium level increases after 1 week and he reports no muscular spasm and tetany. He maintains ideal weight and adequate nutrition during the hospital stay and after he is discharged.